Journal article
Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from mid-childhood to late adolescence and childhood risk factors: Findings from a prospective pre-birth cohort
S Bista, RJ Tait, LM Straker, A Lin, K Steinbeck, PL Graham, M Kang, S Lymer, M Robinson, JL Marino, SR Skinner
Development and Psychopathology | CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS | Published : 2025
Abstract
There is limited evidence on heterogenous co-developmental trajectories of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems from childhood to adolescence and predictors of these joint trajectories. We utilized longitudinal data from Raine Study participants (n = 2393) to identify these joint trajectories from 5 to 17 years using parallel-process latent class growth analysis and analyze childhood individual and family risk factors predicting these joint trajectories using multinomial logistic regression. Five trajectory classes were identified: Low-problems (Low-INT/Low-EXT, 29%), Moderate Externalizing (Moderate-EXT/Low-INT, 26.5%), Primary Internalizing (Moderate High-INT/Low-EXT, 17.5%..
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Awarded by Raine Medical Research Foundation
Funding Acknowledgements
We also thank the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for their long-term contribution to funding the study over the last 30 years. The core management of the Raine Study is funded by The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, Telethon Kids Institute, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University, The University of Notre Dame Australia, and the Raine Medical Research Foundation. The Raine Study Gen217-year follow-up was funded by NHMRC (Stanley et al, 353514, Straker et al,323200): Gen 2 20-year follow-up was funded by NHMRC (Skinner et al 634509); Gen2-27 follow-up was funded by NHMRC (Mori et al 1102106, Eastwood et al, 1109057) and Curtin University.Robert J. Tait and Jennifer L. Marino were supported by NHMRC grant 1161445. Petra L. Graham and Jennifer L. Marino were supported by NHMRC grant 1134894.